A metal frame with downward-pointing spikes attached to boots for traction on ice and hard snow. Essential for glacier travel and ice climbing.

A multi-purpose mountaineering tool with a pick, adze, and spike, used for self-arrest, step-cutting, and anchoring on snow and ice.

A system of webbing worn around the waist and legs that connects a climber to the rope, distributing fall forces across the body.

An accumulation of rocks, sediment, and debris deposited by a glacier. Terminal, lateral, and medial moraines indicate past and present glacial activity.

A persistent body of dense ice that moves under its own weight, carving valleys and shaping mountain landscapes over millennia.

A deep crack or fissure in a glacier, often hidden by snow bridges. One of the most dangerous features on glaciated terrain.

A large tower or block of glacial ice found on steep glaciers, formed where crevasses intersect. Seracs can collapse without warning.