The highest point of a mountain or hill; the topmost elevation that climbers aim to reach.

Any of the 14 mountains on Earth with summits above 8,000 meters, all located in the Himalayas and Karakoram ranges.

The vertical distance above a reference point, typically sea level. Often used interchangeably with elevation but technically refers to height in the atmosphere.

A staging area at the foot of a mountain from which climbing expeditions are launched, stocked with supplies and used for acclimatization.

The gradual physiological adaptation to decreased oxygen at higher altitudes, typically following a "climb high, sleep low" pattern.

A permanently or semi-permanently anchored rope on a mountain route, allowing climbers to ascend and descend without leading.

Climbing with a series of pre-stocked camps, fixed ropes, and often supplemental oxygen and porters. The traditional approach for 8000m peaks.