알파인 용어집
155가지 등산 용어 해설
🌦️ Weather & Climate
Meteorology, atmospheric phenomena, and seasonal patterns.
푄 현상
A warm, dry downslope wind that occurs on the lee side of a mountain range after air has lost moisture …
강수
Any form of water — rain, snow, sleet, or hail — falling from the atmosphere. In mountains, precipitation intensity and …
기압
Atmospheric pressure, which decreases with altitude. On Everest's summit, pressure is about one-third of sea level, critically reducing available oxygen.
뇌우
A localized storm producing thunder, lightning, heavy rain or hail, and strong winds. Afternoon thunderstorm development driven by solar heating …
몬순
A seasonal wind pattern bringing heavy precipitation. In the Himalayas, the summer monsoon (June–September) defines the climbing season.
번개
An electrical discharge in the atmosphere, extremely dangerous on exposed ridges and summits. A leading cause of weather-related deaths in …
서리
The formation of ice crystals on surfaces when temperatures drop below 0°C. Frost on rock makes holds slippery and increases …
설질
The state of snow on a mountain, ranging from powder and packed to icy crust and corn snow. Conditions change …
일사
Electromagnetic energy from the sun, more intense at altitude due to thinner atmosphere and reflective snow surfaces. UV radiation at …
탈수
An excessive loss of body water exacerbated at altitude by increased respiratory rate, low humidity, and physical exertion. Even mild …
봄눈 (콘 스노우)
Coarse, granular snow with rounded grains that forms through repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Corn snow provides excellent crampon purchase and predictable …
등산 시즌
The period when weather and snow conditions are most favorable for ascending a particular mountain. Varies by hemisphere, altitude, and …
얼음 폭풍
A precipitation event in which rain falls through a subfreezing surface layer, coating terrain and equipment in ice. On mountain …
제트 기류
A narrow band of strong wind in the upper atmosphere (typically above 7,000m) that can produce extreme wind speeds on …
지상 블리자드
A blizzard condition created by strong winds picking up already-fallen snow from the ground without new precipitation falling. Can produce …
강설률
The speed at which snow accumulates, measured in centimeters per hour. High snowfall rates rapidly bury anchors, increase tent snow …
비그늘
An area of reduced rainfall on the lee (downwind) side of a mountain range, caused by orographic lift depleting moisture …
비르가
Precipitation that falls from clouds but evaporates before reaching the ground. In mountains, virga is common in dry alpine air …
빙하풍
A cold downslope wind that flows off glacier surfaces, generated by cold dense air draining into valleys. Similar to katabatic …
산악파
Oscillating air currents that form on the lee side of mountain ranges as stable air flows over a ridge. Mountain …
상고대
A white, opaque coating of ice formed when supercooled water droplets in fog or cloud freeze on contact with surfaces. …
적설층
The accumulated layers of snow on a mountain, built up over a season. Snowpack depth, density, and internal structure determine …
활강풍
A strong, cold wind that flows downslope under gravity as dense cold air drains from high elevations. Katabatic winds can …
대기의 강
A narrow band of concentrated water vapor in the atmosphere that can deliver intense precipitation events to mountain ranges. Atmospheric …
지형성 상승
The forced ascent of air as it encounters a mountain barrier, causing cooling, condensation, and precipitation on the windward side.
극지방 소용돌이
A large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding Earth's poles. When the polar vortex weakens or splits, frigid …
기온감률
The rate at which temperature decreases with altitude, averaging about 6.5°C per 1,000m in standard atmosphere. Steeper rates indicate instability.
기온역전
An atmospheric condition where temperature increases with altitude instead of the normal decrease, trapping cold air and pollution in valleys.
동결융해
The daily pattern of freezing at night and thawing during the day that loosens rocks, weakens snow bridges, and creates …
렌즈구름
A lens-shaped cloud that forms on the lee side of mountains when stable air flows over a peak. Often a …
블리자드
A severe snowstorm with sustained winds above 56 km/h, reduced visibility below 400m, and lasting at least 3 hours. Can …
상승기류
A column of rising warm air generated by differential heating of the ground surface. In mountains, thermals trigger afternoon cumulus …
영구동토
Ground that remains permanently frozen below the surface in cold mountain regions. Thawing permafrost destabilizes slopes, contributes to rockfall, and …
체감온도
The perceived decrease in air temperature caused by wind, which accelerates heat loss from exposed skin. Critical factor in frostbite …
카타바틱 바람
A downslope wind driven by gravity as cold, dense air flows off elevated terrain such as ice sheets, glaciers, and …
스핀드리프트
Fine, powdery snow particles blown by wind off ridges and steep faces, often streaming like smoke from summit ridges. Spindrift …
📜 Culture & History
Mountaineering history, traditions, organizations, and cultural significance.
비박
An improvised or planned overnight camp in the mountains without a full tent, often using only a bivy sack or …
산장
A staffed or unstaffed shelter in mountainous terrain providing accommodation, food, and emergency refuge. Hut systems are central to European …
포터
A person hired to carry loads of equipment and supplies during mountain expeditions, essential to large-scale climbs in remote regions.
기도 깃발
Colorful rectangular cloth flags inscribed with Buddhist mantras, strung on mountain passes and base camps across the Himalayas to spread …
돌탑 예절
The emerging code of practice governing the building and removal of stone cairns in wilderness areas. In Leave No Trace …
등반 윤리
The unwritten and written principles governing behavior on mountains, including fair means, style of ascent, environmental responsibility, and treatment of …
등반 허가
Official authorization required to climb certain mountains, issued by national governments. Fees fund conservation, rescue services, and local economies.
등산 시즌
The traditional calendar windows for climbing specific peaks, dictated by weather patterns. Everest pre-monsoon (April–May) and post-monsoon (September–October).
산소 논쟁
The ongoing ethical discussion about whether using supplemental oxygen on 8000m peaks constitutes a valid ascent or diminishes the achievement.
산악 윤리
The broader ethical framework encompassing environmental stewardship, indigenous rights, commercial exploitation concerns, and responsibility toward fellow climbers.
세븐 서밋
The highest mountain on each of the seven continents, a popular mountaineering challenge. Lists vary on whether to include Kosciuszko …
전통 등반
Traditional climbing in which the leader places all protection during the ascent and removes it on the way down, leaving …
정상 집착
A dangerous psychological compulsion to reach the summit at any cost, overriding rational safety judgments and turnaround decisions.
최속 기록
The fastest known time for ascending a mountain or completing a route, a growing competitive discipline in modern mountaineering.
푸자 의식
A Buddhist blessing ritual performed at Himalayan base camps before climbing begins, asking the mountain deities for safe passage.
동계 초등정
The first successful summit during calendar winter, considered far more challenging due to extreme cold, shorter days, and severe weather.
클린 마운틴
A mountain managed under strict environmental protection policies, requiring climbers to carry out all waste including human waste and used …
가이드
A professional mountaineer who leads clients on climbs, possessing certified skills in navigation, rescue, and technical climbing.
산악회
An organization that promotes climbing, provides training, manages huts, and advocates for mountain access. Historic clubs shaped the sport's development.
셰르파
An ethnic group indigenous to the Himalayan region of Nepal, renowned for mountaineering expertise. Also used (controversially) as a job …
초등정
The first successful climb to the summit of a mountain or the first completion of a new route. A defining …
알파인 클럽
A mountaineering organization, specifically referencing the Alpine Club (London, 1857), the world's first such institution, which set standards for the …
울트라 프로미넌스 봉우리
A mountain with a topographic prominence of at least 1,500 meters, making it a significantly independent summit regardless of absolute …
알피니즘
The sport and art of climbing high-altitude alpine peaks, traditionally emphasizing skill, self-sufficiency, and style over commercial support. UNESCO inscribed …
라인홀트 메스너
Italian mountaineer (born 1944) who completed the first oxygenless ascent of Everest in 1978 with Peter Habeler and became the …
산악구조대
A volunteer or professional organization trained to locate and evacuate injured, missing, or overdue climbers and hikers. Mountain rescue teams …
알피니즘의 은의 시대
The period from 1865 to 1882 following the Golden Age, characterized by the first ascents of more difficult routes and …
알피니즘의 황금기
The period from 1854 to 1865 during which most major Alpine peaks were first climbed, driven by British and European …
14좌 완등
The complete collection of all mountains over 8,000 m. Completing all 14 is the ultimate mountaineering achievement, first done by …
8000미터 봉우리
Any of the 14 mountains on Earth with summits above 8,000 meters, all located in the Himalayas and Karakoram ranges.
🏔️ Geography & Geology
Landforms, geological features, and terrain types found in mountain environments.
벽
A steep, broad side of a mountain, often the most challenging climbing terrain. Named by cardinal direction (e.g., North Face).
계곡
A low-lying area between mountains or hills, often carved by rivers or glaciers, serving as approach routes and base camp …
고도
The vertical distance above a reference point, typically sea level. Often used interchangeably with elevation but technically refers to height …
고원
An elevated flatland area, often found at high altitudes between mountain ranges. May serve as acclimatization camps.
권곡
An amphitheater-shaped hollow carved by glacial erosion at the head of a valley, with steep walls on three sides.
능선
A long, narrow elevated crest of a mountain, typically with steep sides on both flanks. Ridges connect peaks and are …
두벽
The steep, vertical, or near-vertical rock or ice wall at the back of a cirque or at the upper end …
빙폭
A chaotic zone of collapsed and fractured glacial ice where a glacier flows over a steep bedrock step. Icefalls are …
빙하
A persistent body of dense ice that moves under its own weight, carving valleys and shaping mountain landscapes over millennia.
세락
A large tower or block of glacial ice found on steep glaciers, formed where crevasses intersect. Seracs can collapse without …
안부
A low point or depression on a mountain ridge between two peaks, often used as a pass or route between …
안장
A broad, gently curved depression between two higher elevations, resembling the shape of a riding saddle. Wider and more gradual …
애추
A sloping mass of rock fragments accumulated at the base of a cliff or steep slope, larger than scree.
정상
The highest point of a mountain or hill; the topmost elevation that climbers aim to reach.
현곡
A tributary valley whose floor lies significantly higher than the main valley floor, created when a smaller glacier could not …
협곡
A narrow, steep-walled valley or canyon carved by a river through rock. Often found at lower elevations on approach routes.
권곡 (쿰)
A Welsh term for a deep, steep-walled basin or hollow carved by glacial erosion, equivalent to a cirque. The word …
가짜 정상
A point on a mountain that appears to be the summit from below but upon reaching it, the true summit …
빙하 전면부
The terrain immediately in front of a retreating glacier, recently exposed by ice melt. Proglacial areas are ecologically dynamic, rapidly …
고산대
The elevation band above the treeline where trees cannot survive, characterized by low-growing tundra vegetation, exposed rock, and persistent snow. …
누나탁
An isolated rock peak or hill that protrudes above a surrounding ice sheet or glacier. Nunataks serve as refugia for …
돌출도
The vertical distance between a summit and the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit. A key …
드럼린
An elongated, oval hill of glacial till shaped by the flow of ice, with a blunt upstream end and tapered …
봉우리
A pointed or prominent top of a mountain, often used interchangeably with summit but technically referring to the shape of …
빙퇴석
An accumulation of rocks, sediment, and debris deposited by a glacier. Terminal, lateral, and medial moraines indicate past and present …
빙하호
A lake formed by glacial processes, including cirque lakes (tarns), moraine-dammed lakes, and proglacial lakes at a glacier terminus. Glacial …
아레트
A sharp, narrow ridge of rock formed by glacial erosion on two sides. Often a challenging but direct route to …
피나클
A sharply pointed isolated column of rock, ice, or snow, often detached from the main mountain body. Pinnacles may be …
만년설 (피른)
Compacted granular snow that has survived at least one full melt season but has not yet fully compressed into glacial …
빙퇴석 호수
A lake dammed by a glacial moraine, typically strikingly turquoise due to glacial flour suspended in the water. Moraine lakes …
계곡빙하
A glacier that flows down a mountain valley, constrained by valley walls on either side. Valley glaciers are the most …
너덜지대
A mass of loose rocks and small stones covering a mountain slope, typically below cliffs. Movement across scree requires careful …
버트레스
A prominent, protruding section of a mountain face, often providing a natural climbing route along its crest.
산상호수
A mountain lake formed in a cirque or hollow carved by glacial activity, typically found at high elevations.
아고산대
The elevation band immediately below the alpine zone, above the upper forest limit but sheltered enough to support dwarf trees …
암석빙하
A slow-moving tongue of rock debris with interstitial ice, moving like a glacier but covered entirely by rocks. Rock glaciers …
쿨루아르
A steep, narrow gully on a mountainside, often filled with snow or ice. Couloirs are common climbing routes but prone …
크레바스
A deep crack or fissure in a glacier, often hidden by snow bridges. One of the most dangerous features on …
해발고도
The height of a point on the Earth's surface above mean sea level, measured in meters or feet.
수목한계선
The elevation above which trees cannot grow due to harsh conditions. Marks the transition from forest to alpine zone.
베르크슈른트
A large crevasse or gap that forms at the upper limit of a glacier where moving ice separates from the …
🥾 Hiking & Trekking
Trail terminology, hiking concepts, and trekking practices.
고개
A navigable route through a mountain range, typically at a col or saddle between peaks. Historically used for trade and …
돌탑
A stack of stones used as a trail marker, especially above treeline or in areas without maintained paths.
종주
Completing an entire long-distance trail end-to-end in a single continuous journey, typically over weeks or months.
도보 수송
Carrying a boat or heavy load overland around an obstacle such as a waterfall, rapids, or impassable terrain. In mountain …
정상 공격
The final push from high camp to the summit, typically the most physically demanding and dangerous part of a climb.
고소 적응 등반
A hike to higher elevation undertaken specifically to aid the body's adaptation to altitude, following the climb high, sleep low …
누적 오르막
The total vertical distance climbed during a hike, summing all uphill sections regardless of intervening descents.
등산 기록부
A logbook at a trailhead or shelter where hikers record their names, dates, and intended destination. Trail registers assist search-and-rescue …
산장 트레킹
A style of multi-day trekking that uses a network of mountain huts for overnight accommodation, eliminating the need to carry …
흔적 남기지 않기
A set of seven outdoor ethics principles minimizing human impact on wilderness, including packing out waste and staying on trails.
경사도
The steepness of a trail or slope, expressed as a percentage or angle. A 10% gradient rises 10 meters over …
등산로
A marked or established path through wilderness terrain used for hiking, often maintained with signage and cleared obstacles.
백패킹
Multi-day hiking with all gear, food, and shelter carried in a backpack, camping along the trail.
접근로
The journey from a road or trailhead to the base of a climb or a high camp, often the first …
트레킹
Multi-day hiking in remote or mountainous regions, typically with tea houses or organized camps rather than carrying all supplies.
등산로 입구
The starting point of a hiking trail, typically with parking, signage, and sometimes facilities like restrooms.
레스트 스텝
A slow, rhythmic climbing technique where the rear leg is locked straight at the knee for a brief moment with …
알파인 스타트
Beginning a climb or hike very early, often between midnight and 4 AM, to take advantage of firm snow, avoid …
트레킹 허가증
An official document required by some governments to enter protected mountain areas or national parks for trekking purposes. Notable examples …
구간등산
Completing a long-distance trail in separate trips over time, tackling different sections on each visit.
전진캠프
An advanced camp established at higher elevation on a mountain, used as a staging point for the summit bid.
당일치기 등산
A hike completed within a single day without overnight camping, typically under 8 hours of walking.
비등산로 돌파
Traveling through dense vegetation without a defined trail, requiring navigation skills and physical effort.
지그재그 등산로
A zigzag section of trail that ascends a steep slope in a series of back-and-forth turns to reduce gradient.
베이스캠프
A staging area at the foot of a mountain from which climbing expeditions are launched, stocked with supplies and used …
스크램블링
Moving over rocky terrain using hands for balance and support, falling between hiking and technical climbing in difficulty.
🧗 Climbing & Mountaineering
Technical climbing, rope work, and alpine skills.
등급
A rating system indicating the difficulty of a climb. Systems include YDS (USA), French, UIAA, and V-scale (bouldering).
선등
Climbing while clipping the rope into protection points above, as opposed to top-roping. The leader faces greater fall distances.
피치
A section of a climbing route between two belay stations, limited by the length of the rope (typically 50-70 meters).
하강
Descending a vertical surface by sliding down a fixed rope using a friction device, also known as abseiling.
확보
The technique of controlling a rope to catch a falling climber, using friction devices or body position to arrest a …
프리 솔로
Ascending a rock or ice route entirely alone, without any ropes, harnesses, or protective equipment. A fall is almost certainly …
비아 페라타
A protected climbing route with permanent steel cables, rungs, and ladders fixed to the rock, allowing less experienced climbers to …
극지법
Climbing with a series of pre-stocked camps, fixed ropes, and often supplemental oxygen and porters. The traditional approach for 8000m …
다이노
A dynamic move in rock climbing where the climber jumps or lunges explosively to reach a distant hold, momentarily leaving …
맨틀링
A technique for surmounting a ledge or flat-topped feature using a push-up motion: first pulling up with hands on the …
볼더링
Climbing short, challenging rock formations without ropes, using crash pads for fall protection. Problems rarely exceed 6 meters.
스테밍
A climbing technique using opposing outward pressure with hands or feet against two surfaces — typically the walls of a …
유마르
A mechanical ascending device that grips a fixed rope, allowing a climber to ascend efficiently. Also used as a verb.
핵심부
The most difficult section of a climbing route or pitch, requiring the highest skill level to overcome.
알파인 스타일
Climbing a mountain in a single push without pre-established camps or fixed ropes, carrying all supplies. Contrasted with expedition style.
믹스드 클라이밍
Climbing terrain that combines rock and ice, requiring techniques and tools from both disciplines. Graded on the M-scale.
고정로프
A permanently or semi-permanently anchored rope on a mountain route, allowing climbers to ascend and descend without leading.
단독등반
Climbing alone without a partner, either with self-belay systems (rope solo) or without any protection (free solo).
멀티피치
A climbing route that requires multiple rope lengths (pitches) to complete, with belay stations between each pitch.
빙벽등반
Ascending ice formations such as frozen waterfalls, icefalls, and glaciated rock using ice axes and crampons.
온사이트
Completing a climbing route on the first attempt with no prior knowledge of the moves and no falls. An onsight …
인공등반
Using equipment placed in the rock to support body weight and make upward progress, as opposed to free climbing.
트래버스
Moving horizontally or diagonally across a face or ridge rather than ascending directly. Can refer to crossing an entire mountain …
프루지크
A friction knot tied with a loop of cord around a rope that grips when weighted but slides when unweighted, …
레드포인트
Successfully completing a pre-practiced rock climbing route in a single push from bottom to top without resting on protection. Redpointing …
프리클라이밍
Ascending using only hands and feet on the rock, with rope and gear used solely for protection against falls, not …
🎒 Equipment & Gear
Clothing, tools, devices, and hardware used in mountaineering.
캠
A spring-loaded camming device (SLCD) placed in rock cracks that expands to create a secure anchor point for climbing protection.
홀 백
A large, durable cylindrical bag used to carry supplies and gear up big walls during aid climbing ascents. Haul bags …
너트
A passive metal wedge placed in rock cracks as climbing protection. Also called a chock or stopper.
로프
The lifeline of climbing, made from nylon kernmantle construction. Dynamic ropes stretch to absorb falls; static ropes are used for …
텐트
A portable shelter for camping on mountains. Alpine tents are designed for high winds, snow loading, and rapid setup at …
피켈
A multi-purpose mountaineering tool with a pick, adze, and spike, used for self-arrest, step-cutting, and anchoring on snow and ice.
헬멧
Protective headgear designed to absorb impacts from falling rocks and falls, mandatory on most technical mountain routes.
등산 스틱
Adjustable poles used for balance and to reduce impact on knees during hiking, especially on steep descents.
비박 자루
A lightweight, waterproof emergency shelter that covers a sleeping bag or person, used for unplanned overnight stays. Also called a …
게이터
Waterproof coverings worn over boots and lower legs to keep out snow, water, mud, and debris.
스토브
A portable cooking device for melting snow and preparing food at altitude. Canister, liquid fuel, and integrated systems each have …
아이젠
A metal frame with downward-pointing spikes attached to boots for traction on ice and hard snow. Essential for glacier travel …
퀵드로
Two carabiners connected by a short sewn sling, used to connect the climbing rope to bolts or protection on a …
하네스
A system of webbing worn around the waist and legs that connects a climber to the rope, distributing fall forces …
확보기
A mechanical friction device used to control the rope while belaying or rappelling. Common types include tube-style (ATC) and assisted-braking …
데드맨 앵커
A buried object — snow picket, ice axe, or improvised item — placed horizontally in snow to create an anchor. …
스노우 피켓
An aluminum stake driven into snow at an angle to create an anchor for belaying or rappelling on steep snow …
아이스 스크류
A hollow, threaded metal tube screwed into solid ice to create an anchor or running protection on ice climbs and …
다운재킷
An insulated jacket filled with goose or duck down, providing exceptional warmth-to-weight ratio for high-altitude mountaineering.
보조산소
Bottled oxygen used above extreme altitudes (typically 7,500m+) to compensate for critically low atmospheric pressure.
카라비너
A metal loop with a spring-loaded gate used to connect components in a climbing system, such as rope to harness …
포털리지
A deployable hanging tent system that attaches to anchors on a vertical cliff face, allowing climbers to sleep during multi-day …
헤드랜턴
A hands-free light worn on the head, essential for alpine starts, night navigation, and cave or tunnel sections.
레이어링 시스템
A clothing strategy using base layer (moisture wicking), mid layer (insulation), and outer layer (weather protection) for thermoregulation.
아발라코프 스레드
A V-shaped tunnel drilled through a column of solid ice, through which a loop of cord is threaded to create …
GPS 기기
A satellite navigation unit that provides precise location coordinates, track recording, and route guidance in the backcountry.
⚠️ Safety & Survival
Hazards, rescue, medical conditions, and risk management in the mountains.
눈 구덩이
An emergency or planned shelter excavated into a deep snowbank or drift. Snow insulates extremely well; inside a snow hole, …
낙석
The descent of loose rocks from a cliff or mountain face, a constant hazard on alpine routes, especially as temperatures …
노출
The degree to which a climber is exposed to a fall or the elements. High exposure means a long potential …
눈삽
An avalanche rescue shovel with a collapsible handle for digging out buried victims. Strategic shoveling — V-conveyor technique — is …
동상
Tissue damage caused by freezing of skin and underlying tissues, most common in extremities (fingers, toes, nose, ears) at high …
부종
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues. At altitude, HACE (cerebral) and HAPE (pulmonary) edema are life-threatening medical emergencies.
비콘
An electronic transceiver worn by backcountry travelers that transmits a signal for burial location and switches to receive mode for …
설맹
A painful temporary eye condition caused by UV overexposure reflected from snow and ice surfaces, equivalent to sunburn of the …
피톤
A metal spike hammered into rock cracks as a climbing anchor or protection point. Pitons leave permanent scarring and are …
기상 창
A brief period of favorable weather conditions that allows a safe summit attempt, critical for planning on high mountains.
데스 존
Altitudes above approximately 8,000 meters where oxygen is insufficient to sustain human life for extended periods, causing progressive deterioration.
계획 외 야영
An enforced overnight stop in the mountains caused by weather deterioration, injury, or disorientation — distinct from a planned bivouac. …
긴급 비박
An unplanned overnight stay on a mountain due to deteriorating conditions, injury, loss of route, or insufficient daylight. Survival depends …
자일 파티
A group of climbers tied together on a shared rope for glacier travel, allowing partners to arrest a crevasse fall.
헬기 구조
Emergency evacuation by helicopter from mountain terrain, often the only viable rescue option at high altitude or in remote locations.
확보 장비
Any piece of gear (cam, nut, piton, ice screw) placed in the rock or ice to limit fall distance while …
회군 시간
A predetermined time by which a climbing party must begin descending regardless of proximity to the summit, to ensure safe …
낙뢰 대피 자세
An emergency body stance adopted when lightning is imminent on an exposed summit or ridge: crouch low on the balls …
셀프 어레스트
The technique of stopping an uncontrolled slide on a snow slope using an ice axe driven into the snow, a …
고산병
A group of conditions (AMS, HACE, HAPE) caused by reduced oxygen at altitude, with symptoms ranging from headache and nausea …
눈사태
A rapid flow of snow down a slope, triggered by natural causes or human activity. One of the deadliest hazards …
프로브
A long, collapsible pole used to locate buried avalanche victims by probing systematically through the snow. An avalanche probe is …
확보물
A secure attachment point fixed into rock, ice, or snow that the climbing rope is connected to for belay or …
가모우 백
A portable inflatable hyperbaric chamber used in high-altitude emergencies to simulate descent by increasing air pressure around the patient. A …
아이젠 볼링
The dangerous accumulation of wet snow inside crampon frames, reducing the effectiveness of points and making snow slopes slippery. Anti-balling …
스노우 브릿지
A fragile natural arch of snow spanning a crevasse, often concealing the gap below. Snow bridges weaken in warm conditions …
고소적응
The gradual physiological adaptation to decreased oxygen at higher altitudes, typically following a "climb high, sleep low" pattern.
위험관리
The systematic process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating hazards in mountaineering through planning, skills, and decision-making.
저체온증
A dangerous drop in core body temperature below 35°C (95°F) caused by prolonged exposure to cold, wind, and moisture.
크레바스 추락
An accident in which a climber breaks through a snow bridge and falls into a crevasse. The standard prevention is …
고산뇌부종
High Altitude Cerebral Edema — a severe, life-threatening form of altitude sickness caused by swelling of the brain at extreme …
고산폐부종
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema — fluid accumulation in the lungs at high altitude, the most common fatal form of altitude …
덱사메타손
A corticosteroid medication used to treat severe altitude illness (HACE, HAPE) by reducing brain and pulmonary edema. It provides temporary …
화이트아웃
A weather condition in which snow, cloud, and mist merge to create a uniform white environment with no visible horizon, …
산소포화도 측정기
A small clip-on device that measures blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate. At high altitude, SpO₂ readings below 75–80% …